ЧТЕНИЕ

Коммуникативное чтение это ясное осознание цели предстоящей

деятельности, т. е. должна быть конкретная установка на степень полноты и

точности получения информации. Коммуникативная задача обусловит

характер чтения, а также стратегии и используемые приёмы работы с

текстом. Принята следующая классификация видов чтения: skimming or

reading for gist, scanning and reading for detailed comprehension, в

отечественной методике чтение с пониманием основного содержания, чтение

с извлечением необходимой информации, чтение с полным и точным

пониманием текста.

Характеристика заданий раздела «Чтение»

Задание

Кол-во

вопросо

в

Проверяемые

умения

Тип текста

Тип задания

В2

Базовый

уровень

7

Умение понять

основное

содержание

текста

Краткие тексты

информационного

и научно-

популярного

характера

Задание на

установление

соответствий

В3

Повышенны

й

уровень

6

Умение понять

структурно-

смысловые связи

текста

Публицистически

е и научно-

популярные

статьи

Задание на

установление

соответствия

А15-А21

Высокий

уровень

7

Умение понять

текст полно и

точно: верно

понимать слова и

выражения,

употребленные в

прямом и

переносном

смысле; видеть

логические связи

в предложении и

между частями

текста;

использовать

языковую

догадку; делать

выводы из

Художественный

или

публицистический

(например, эссе)

текст

Задание с

множественны

м выбором

ответа

прочитанного

Как видно из таблиц, проверяемые умения по чтению делятся на три блока:



умение понять основное содержание аутентичного текста

описательного характера;



умение выделить структурно-смысловые связи в тексте;



умение полностью понять содержание текста.

Советы

1.1. Внимательно читайте инструкцию, предваряющую текст для чтения.

1.2. Ясно осознайте цель чтения. Выберите соответствующую стратегию.

1.3. Если предлагают понять основное содержание текста, то нужно:

выделить тему, основные мысли; выбрать значащие факты, отделить их от

деталей; выделить смысловые вехи-опоры; обратить внимание на начало и

конец текста, так как главная мысль текста чаще всего там; спрогнозируйте

содержание текста по заголовку;

пропускайте малозначащие детали, читайте быстро; догадывайтесь о

значении незнакомых слов в тексте.

1.4. Если предлагают вставить пропущенные предложения, то нужно:

выделить структурно-смысловые части текста; начать с прочтения всего

текста, чтобы иметь представление об информации и логике развития текста;

учитывать контекст до и после, смысловые и языковые согласования.

1.5. Для достижения полного и детального понимания текста нужно:

осмыслить и сопоставить факты; догадаться, что подразумевает автор;

сделать вывод на основе прочитанного; догадаться о значении незнакомых

слов и словосочетаний в контексте;

внимательно отнестись к структурно-логическим связям в тексте.

Задания по чтению для 11 класса

Reading

Task 1. Match the headings 1-6 to the sentences A-E and write them in the

table below. There is one heading which you don’t need to use.

1 Resistance to change

2Innovation in action

3 Changing your routine

4 A change for the better

5 Changes in social trends

6 Changing roles

A The arrival of a new baby is always a marvellous thing but the change can be

disruptive and even stressful, especially for first time parents. It is difficult to cope

with the sleepless nights and constant demands of a newborn so it is important to

organize your day differently to accommodate for these circumstances. For

example, afternoon naps can help parents catch up on much-needed sleep.

B The first time I saw Sheffield park, I was shocked because it was a mess and it

obviously hadn’t been looked after in years. When I came back to the park five

years later, it looked much neater and I had a nice walk around. Parks are not very

trendy these days, the probably never have been, but they are an important part of a

town and should be well managed.

C Popular music seems to be running out of ideas. A recent trend is to take hits as

far back as the 50-s and 60-s and re-release them with the lyrics changed. For

many, there is something sacrilegious in seeing classics such as Beatles’ All you

need is love downloadable as I met her online. The melody is the same but the

words and sense are completely different, completely distorting the original song.

D this innovative executive programme give professionals from different fields the

opportunity to exchange positions for a limited period and gain a completely new

insight into the business world. To give a recent example, Paula Wright, sales

manager in pharmaceuticals firm, spent three months as a consultant in an

accountancy company. Her feedback and comments can be found on the websiteat

the top of this brochure.

E The first time that talking pictures were shown in cinemas was the 1920s with

movies like The JazzSinger. These films were expensive to make and the actual

content was often little improvement on silent movies, but the quickly caught

movie goers’ imagination. Talking pictures soon became trendy, in no small part

thanks to technological advances which meant that dialogue sequences could be

longer.

Task 2.

Read the text and complete the missing parts A-F with the clauses 1-7.

Complete the table below. There is one extra clause which you do not need to

use.

Canals

You won’t go far in Britain without coming across a canal. The canal network in

Britain covers almost 3,500 kilometres A__________________.

Canals are still in use and they are very much part of the British landscape. It was

the Romans who introduced canals to Britain, mainly to link rivers. But canal

building really started in the industrial revolution, from the eighteenth to the

nineteenth century, B_______________________. The road system was then

under-developed so an alternative was badly needed. The first major canal was the

Bridgewater canal in 1761.

C_______________________, the Bridgewater canal was an engineering

masterpiece and it had a dramatic effect on local industries: coal prices fell 60 %.

The Bridgewater canal started what can be called a canal boom.

In the early days, boats were pulled by horses. With a boat, it was possible for a

horse to pull more than ten times what it could in a cart. Horses were

used D__________________________. Animal lovers certainly welcomed this

change because the life of a canal horse was far from easy.

The use of canals started to fall in the middle of the nineteenth century when

railways started to be built. Trains were much faster,

economical E___________________________. A whole way of life changed as

canals were much more than just transport. Whole families used to live on canal

boats.

F________________________________, when many were just abandoned, canals

have become popular again as tourist attractions or holiday destinations. Canal

tours, with the boats a lot more comfortable today, are a great way of appreciating

British history. Long may this tradition continue.

1 and they could just carry more things and people

2 named after the man who designed the whole project

3 despite being quite expensive compared to other forms of transport

4 but most of them are concentrated in England

5 in spite of going through a long period of decline and neglect

6 when manufacturers and customers needed cheaper and quicker transport

7 until they were replaced by steam and other power sources

Task 3.

Read the text and answer the questions. Choose the best answer 1-4

Feng Shui

On the face of it, there is little to connect the oriental art of Feng Shui with the

world of hammers, power drills and paint. But the ancient Chinese philosophy,

which involves changing the design of your living or working space to improve

your fortune, is proving to be a big hit in the world of “Do-It-Yourself” stories,

where people go to buy building materials and tools.

Two vast new DIY superstores have been designed in the UK following Feng Shui

guidelines, and their business is booming. Both store managers maintain their

success is due to the positive energy that has been chanelled into their shops by

Feng Shui experts, who were called in for advice before the final decisions were

made about the design of the new buildings.

“I first encountered Feng Shui when I went to the opening of our company’s first

store in Taiwan. Everyone there takes it so seriously you cannot fail to be

impressed,” said David Ingliss, store manager.

Mr Ingliss’s hosts in Taiwan told him of the Hong Kong millionaire who relocated

his business empire into a new skyscraper. However, soon after the move, the

business began to go down. In desperation the businessman called in the Feng Shui

experts, who said that because his new office block was round “it” was like a huge

cigarette, and all the energy was burning off through the roof. They said the only

thing he could do was to build a swimming pool on the roof, which he did. And to

this day there is an office block in Hong Kong with a swimming pool 40 floors up

which no one ever uses, but there is a successful company underneath it.

“Some people may think Feng Shui is just mystical rubbish and I must admit there

is a superstitious element to it,” said Mr Ingliss. “But much of it is just common

sense and has a direct relevance to good selling. Experts believe that things

shouldn’t be messy and crowded, so we made a policy of keeping the aisles wide

and spacious.” Mr Ingliss’s store with a floor area greater than two football pitches,

has been described as a DIY Disneyland, which he takes as a great compliment.

And it has also been one of the most successful in its first year of any of the chain

of stores.

Jon Dorset, manager of a sister store, also pays close attention to advice on colour,

lighting and especially on the distribution of indoor plants to provide clear and

welcoming atmosphere.

“I’m not sure that I believe in the magical side to it, but I did move a mirror at

home that was facing the front door- that is very unlucky apparently- and it

actually just looks better in its new place,” said Mr Dorset.

1 What did the Feng Shui experts do for the UK stores?

1.

They gave some advice about business.

2.

They taught the managers their philosophy.

3.

They made suggestions about design.

4.

They helped to build the stores.

2 What impressed Mr Ingliss in Taiwan?

1.

The people’s attitude to Feng Shui

2.

The opening of a new store

3.

How serious everyone seemed

4.

The amount of business there was

3 What does “it” refer to?

1.

A cigarette

2.

The building

3.

Some energy

4.

The roof

4 Why was the swimming pool built?

1.

To provide somewhere for the employees to relax

2.

To stop the building from falling down

3.

To make the building safer in case of fire

4.

To stop the building’s energy from being lost

5 What does Mr Ingliss think about Feng Shui?

1.

It is superstitious rubbish

2.

It can give you more energy

3.

It can help your sales

4.

It doesn’t tell you anything new

6 What is meant by ‘a DYI Disneyland’?

1.

A very large building

2.

A DIY store which is enjoyable to visit

3.

Somewhere for all the family

4.

A store where there are lots of things to do

7 What do Mr Ingliss’s and Mr Dorsett’s store both have?

1.

Successful garden departments

2.

Long opening hours

3.

Leisure areas

4.

Lots of space for customers

Answer key

Task 1

A

B

C

D

E

3

4

1

6

2

Task 2

A

B

C

D

E

F

4

6

2

7

1

5

Task 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3

1

2

4

3

2

4