Презентация по английскому языку на тему

«Gerund»

10 класс

Definition

Gerund

is

the

“-ing”

form

of

a

verb

which

functions as a noun.

•

Hunting tigers is dangerous.

•

The hardest thing about learning English is

understanding the gerund.

•

My father decided against postponing his trip to

Hungary.

Forms of gerund

Active

Passive

Indefinite

writing

being written

Perfect

having written

having been written

The simple active form and the passive form usually express an action

that is simultaneous with the action expressed by the main verb.

•

Children are fond of skating.

•

You enjoy being photographed.

The perfect form and the perfect passive form express an action that

precedes the action expressed by the main verb.

•

They are proud of having talked with this person.

•

Mike heard of having been landed a job.

Functions

of Gerund

in

Sentences

as subject

(2)

as

prepositional

object after

adjectives

(3)

as attribute

(4)

as adverbial

modifier (5)

as predicate

(6)

after linking

verb BE (7)

as

prepositional

object after

phrasal

verbs (8)

as direct

object (1)

Примеры

* How about seeing

Tony and Ella

tomorrow?

* What about going to

Spain this summer?

(6)

* Her main concern is

helping old people.

*Her hobby is writing

short stories.(7)

* They accused him of

stealing their money.

* Compulsory

vaccination prevented

the disease from

spreading. (8)

*She finished washing

the windows and

began cooking dinner.

*She suggested visiting

Venice. (1)

* Finding them

became his main goal.

*Her telling him about

our plans has led to

serious problems.

(2)

* She was angry at

being left alone at

home.

* He was sorry for

giving them so much

trouble. (3)

* The feeling of being

watched haunted him

all day.

* He has no intention

of marrying her. (4)

* He passed them

without saying hello.

* He boiled the eggs

instead of frying them.

(5)

Gerund or Infinitive?

Gerund

1) After verbs that express likes/dislikes :

like love enjoy dislike hate

•

I like playing soccer but I hate boxing.

3) After some expressions :

It's no use ... It's no good ... There's no point in ...

I can't help... I don't mind... I can't stand/bear...

•

It's no use convincing him to meet her.

2) After

verbs such

as:

admit

advise

allow

anticipate

appreciate

avoid

begin

can't bear

can't help

can't stand

cease

consider

continue

defend

delay

deny

despise

discuss

dislike

don't mind

dread

encourage

enjoy

escape

excuse

fancy

finish

forget

forgive

hate

imagine

involve

justify

keep

like

love

mean

mention

mind

miss

need

neglect

permit

postpone

practice

prefer

prevent

propose

quit

recall

recollect

recommend

regret

remember

report

require

resent

resist

risk

save

start

stop

suggest

tolerate

try

understand

urge

4) After prepositions:

aim at

keep on

interested in

instead of

good at

before ...

after ...

•

I am interested in collecting stamps.

•

After playing football I drank an orange juice.

•

After being stopped by the police, George admitted having drunk two pints of beer.

•

You mentioned going to Italy last summer. How was it?

•

I wanted to prevent ending up in the same situation again.

Gerund or Infinitive?

Verbs followed by the infinitive

•

Afford

•

Agree

•

Aim

•

Appear

•

Arrange

•

Attempt

•

Ask

•

Bear

•

Begin

•

Care

•

Choose

•

Consent

•

Dare

•

Decide

•

Deserve

•

Determine

•

Expect

•

Fail

•

Forget

•

Happen

•

Help

•

Hate

•

Hesitate

•

Guarantee

•

Hope

•

Intend

•

Like

•

Love

•

Learn

•

Manage

•

Mean

•

Need

•

Neglect

•

Offer

•

Plan

•

Prefer

•

Prepare

•

Pretend

•

Promise

•

Propose

•

Refuse

•

Regret

•

Seem

•

Start

•

Swear

•

Tend

•

Threaten

•

Trouble

•

Turn out

•

Volunteer

•

Undertake

•

Want

•

Wish

Forget

Forget + to do — forget to do (something is done): I forgot to make a shopping list. — I forgot to make a shopping list.

Forget + doing — forget about something (something done, but no memory):

I forgot taking pictures of this monument. — I forgot how to photograph the monument. (I do not remember what took pictures of the monument).

Go on

Go on + to do — continue by launching a new action: The lecturer closed the door and went on to explain the material. - Lecturer closed the door and went on to explain the material.

Go on + doing — continue the initiated action: She asked them to be quiet, but they went on chatting anyway. - She asked them to be quiet, but they still continued to talk.

Mean

Mean + to do — intend: I think they meant to interrupt our conversation.

— I think they were going to interrupt our conversation. (did it on purpose)

— I applied for a job. It is to fill this application form.

Mean + doing – involve: I am determined to get a seat even if it means standing in a queue all night.

Need

Need + to do — having to do something.

I need to wash my scarf. — I need to wash the scarf.

Need + doing — in need of something (for things and objects).

His bike needs repairing. — His bike needs repair.

Regret

Regret + to do — sorry about something (what is happening or has not done).

We regret to inform you that he was fired. — We are sorry to inform you that he was fired.

Regret + doing — sorry about something (what he had done in the past).

I regret telling her their secret. — I’m sorry I told her about their secret.

Remember

Remember + to do — remember, do not forget to do (something not done yet).

Remember to turn off the lights when you leave. — Do not forget to turn off the lights when leave.

Remember + doing — to remember something, do not forget (that has already been done).

We will always remember visiting Krakow. — We will always remember, as they were in Krakow (We will never forget, as they were in Krakow).

Stop

Stop + to do — to stop to do something:

She stopped to make a call. — She stopped to call.

Stop + doing — stop doing something:

He stopped playing baseball a year ago when he broke his arm. — He stopped playing baseball last year, when broke his arm.

Try

Try + to do — try to, try to make an effort:

I’ve tried to meet Sally, but she was in the meeting room. — I tried to meet with Sally, but she was in the room for negotiation.

Try + doing — try, to experiment.

If you can not lose weight, try doing some sports twice a week. — If you can not lose weight, try to do sports 2 times a week.

Verbs with Gerund and Infinitive

(the meaning of the phrase will vary depending on the kind of impersonal forms of the verb you choose)

Grammar exercises

I. Define the forms of the gerund .

1.

Skiing is my favourite sport.

2.

I remember his telling me about his coat.

3.

I remember having seen this match.

4.

Before taking up swimming she had been very fond of playing

basketball.

5.

The football player was punished for having pushed the centre

forward.

6.

The young high jumper was very proud of being praised.

7.

I did not know you had stopped rooting for our team.

8.

I remember having been told about this match.

II. State the forms and functions of the gerund .

1.

Seeing is believing.

2.

In copying this text he made a few mistakes.

3.

After having read the letter, she put it into her bag.

4.

We enrich our knowledge by reading books.

5.

Asking him about it was useless.

6.

It is good fishing in troubled water.

7.

There is nothing doing.

8.

Her greatest pleasure is reading such books.

9.

He began reading this book yesterday.

10.

We insisted on the meeting being put off.

11.

I don’t like his manner of reading.

III. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

complain become sell play cheat eat lie tell work get leave write do wake

have

1.

He admitted ........................... on the test.

2.

You should avoid ............................... so much meat.

3.

Please, consider ............................. your house if you need money.

4.

I detest ...................... up when it's dark outside.

5.

She denied ................................. the taxi without paying.

6.

I enjoyed ........................ on the beach all day.

7.

My sister fancies ................................ a pop star.

8.

We finished ................................. our essays before noon.

9.

The job in the supermarket involved ............................ at night.

10.

I don't mind ...................... homework. Ha, ha.

11.

My colleague kept ............................... all the time. It was annoying.

12.

I took my umbrella. I didn't want to risk ......................... wet.

13.

She practised ............................ the piano all day.

14.

I really appreciate ......................... your advice.

15.

She couldn't resist ......................... us what she'd found out.

IV. Complete the following exercise with gerund or infinitive forms of the

indicated verbs.

1. She decided (move) in another city.

2. Grammarbank is one of the best websites (practice) English

grammar.

3. Alicia enjoys (watch) soap operas on television.

4. She refuses (listen) to her father.

5. Students want (get) good grades.

6. Many drivers avoid (drive) in traffic.

7. Do you feel like (eat) hamburger?

8. I can't imagine (jump) out of a flying jet.

9. The president wishes (end) the war.

10. I would love (see) that movie. I heard it's really good.

11. Mrs. Rogala is a really good teacher. She always offers (help) her

students.

Fill in the blanks using a gerund (-ing form of verb) or an

infinitive (to + verb).

1. I was thinking about … some Christmas cookies this year. (bake)

2. The rude customer refused … , so I called the police. (leave)

3. Don't tell her the answer! She's trying … it herself. (solve)

4. He appears … a very nice person. (be)

5. We all agreed … one another at least three times a year. (see)

6. Last night we discussed … to a new city. (move)

7. I have had many job interviews. I keep … too nervous and messing up.

(get)

8. I promise that next year I will quit … . (smoke)

9. Would you like … a movie with me? (see)

10. My boss offered … for my lunch but I refused. (pay)